ʻO nā ʻāpana uila a me nā uila uila: hoʻokele, nā ʻōnaehana leʻaleʻa leo-kiʻi, nā kukui, nā pahu kiʻi, nā LiDAR hoʻohuli, nā mea ʻike, nā ʻōlelo waena, etc.
● VW80000-2017 Nā mea hoʻāʻo, nā kūlana hoʻāʻo a me nā koi hoʻāʻo no nā ʻāpana uila a me ka uila o nā kaʻa ma lalo o 3.5 tons
● GMW3172-2018 Manaʻo Nui no nā ʻĀpana Uila/Electronic-Kaiapuni/Loaʻa
● ISO16750-2010 Nā kūlana kaiapuni a me nā moʻo hoʻāʻo no nā mea uila a me nā lako uila
● GB/T28046-2011 Nā kūlana kaiapuni a me nā papa hoʻāʻo no nā lako uila a me nā uila o nā kaʻa alanui
● JA3700-MH moʻo kaʻa kaʻa uila a me nā ʻāpana uila kikoʻī kikoʻī
ʻAno hoʻāʻo | Nā mea ho'āʻo |
Papa ho'āʻo koʻikoʻi uila | Overvoltage, Quiescent Current, Reverse Polarity, Jump Start, Sinusoidal Superimposed AC Voltage, Impulse Voltage, Interruption, Ground Offset, Overload, Battery Voltage Drop, Load Dump, Short Circuit, Starting Pulse, Cranking Pulse Capability and Durability, Hoʻololi i nā laina pila, hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka uila, etc. |
Papa ho'āʻo koʻikoʻi kaiapuni | Kiʻekiʻe wela elemakule, haʻahaʻa wela mālama, kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa wela haʻalulu, humidity a me ka wela pōʻaiapuni, mau humidity a me ka wela, hoʻololi wikiwiki i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa, ka paʻakai paʻakai, kiʻekiʻe accelerated stress, condensation, haʻahaʻa ea puʻe, kemika kū'ē, vibration, wela a me ka haʻalulu vibration ekolu ho'āʻo holoʻokoʻa, hāʻule manuahi, Mechanical shock, hoʻokomo ikaika, elongation W319 etc. |
Papa loiloi kaʻina hana | ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka whisker tin, electromigration, corrosion, etc. |